| Observed data . Reanalysis . Satellite data . Model results | NAO | |
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NAO signal |
Statistical techniques |
POP |
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(Hasselmann,1987; von Storch, 1987) For linear processes, where A is the system matrix and r is the noise:
Statistic
approximation:
POP modes are the
eigenvectors p of the system matrix :
Complex eigenvalues:
The period:
The damping time:
The associated time series:
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